Difference between revisions of "Digital Accessibility FunDAI FAQ"

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===Fundamentals of Digital Accessibility for Instructors (FunDAI) Workshop FAQ===
+
==Fundamentals of Digital Accessibility for Instructors (FunDAI) Workshop FAQ==
 
This workshop FAQ contains information and handouts on frequently requested digital accessibility topics. Visit [[Digital Accessibility Checklists]] for additional FunDAI resources.
 
This workshop FAQ contains information and handouts on frequently requested digital accessibility topics. Visit [[Digital Accessibility Checklists]] for additional FunDAI resources.
  
====Accessible Tables====
+
===Accessible Tables===
*[[Media:accessibleDOC-wiki.pdf|Accessible Word Documents Session Handout (PDF)]]
+
Tips for creating accessible tables in Microsoft Word:
* [http://ncdae.org/resources/cheatsheets/#msword Microsoft Word Accessibility Cheatsheets from NCDAE.org]
+
* Assign a header row (usually the table's top row)
 
+
* Create a title (using Word's "Caption" feature)
====Adding an Additional Placeholder to a Slide Layout Template====
+
* Check reading order (using the Tab test)
*[[Media:accessiblePPT-wiki.pdf|Accessible PowerPoint Presentations Session Handout (PDF)]]
 
* [http://ncdae.org/resources/cheatsheets/#msppt Micrsoft PowerPoint Accessibility Cheatsheets from NCDAE.org]
 
 
 
====PDF Accessibility====
 
*[[Media:FiveEasy-wiki.pdf|Five Easy Ways Session Handout (PDF)]]
 
 
 
====Creating Captions and Transcript in YouTube====
 
 
 
====Providing Audio Description in Videos====
 
 
 
====Understanding Basic Keyboard Accessibility====
 
 
 
====Accessible Tables====
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
===Digital Accessibility Checklist===
 
*[[Media:AccessChecklist-OnePage.docx|Digital Accessibility Checklist (Word doc)]]
 
<br />
 
 
===Understanding Accommodation and Accessibility===
 
----
 
* What are the differences between accommodation and digital accessibility?
 
* How do accommodations and digital accessibility contribute to student success?
 
 
{|  
 
{|  
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="230" alignment="right">okF_RjKxyKw</youtube>
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="230" alignment="right">N3j1WBG2Iuo</youtube>
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
|}
 
|}
[[Media:transcript-AccessAccomm.txt|Video Transcript of Accessibility and Accommodation (text file)]]
+
[[Media:Transcript-AccessTables.txt|Video Transcript of Creating Accessible Tables (text file)]]
 +
 
 +
* To learn more, here's a handout on [[Media:FAQ_AccessibleTables-Word.docx|creating accessible tables in Word (DOC)]]
 
<br />
 
<br />
 +
----
  
===Accessible Color and Contrast===
+
===Adding an Additional Placeholder to a Slide Layout Template===
----
+
In Module 2, you learned that in order to create accessible slide structure, it is important that you utilize PowerPoint's slide layout templates that contain placeholders for content. If you need an additional content placeholder, you can add more in Slide Master View.  
* What options for accessible color contrast are available?
 
* How is it possible to emphasize or convey information with color to those who are color-blind?
 
{|
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="225" alignment="right">52SD0l357QA</youtube>
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
|}
 
[[Media:transcript-AccessColor.txt|Video Transcript of Making Accessible Color Choices (text file)]]
 
  
Printable handout and resources:
+
* Handout on how to [[Media:FAQ_AddPlaceholderPPT.docx|add a content placeholder in Slide Master View (DOC)]].
* [[Media:AccessibleColorContrastText.docx|Accessible Color, Contrast, and Text Checklist with Explanations (Word doc)]]
 
* [https://developer.paciellogroup.com/resources/contrastanalyser/ Color Contrast Analyzer from the Paciello Group]
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
 +
----
  
===Creating Structure for Easier Navigation===
+
===Addressing Alternative Textor Custom Graphics (created in PowerPoint)===
----
+
<p>If you create your own custom graphics in PowerPoint, you might wonder how to approach the alternative text for an image that's been created by layering many shapes and lines on top of one another.</p>
* How does structure make your content easier for students to navigate?
+
<p>In the video below, you'll learn how to condense these many layers into a single image graphic for which you can then provide an alternative text:</p>
* How do you structure content with heading styles and lists?
 
 
{|  
 
{|  
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="225" alignment="right">bbNDLmuQEZo</youtube>
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="230" alignment="right">WhIYLFbl628</youtube>
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
|}
 
|}
[[Media:transcript-DocStructure.txt|Video Transcript of Understanding Content Structure (text file)]]
+
[[Media:Transcript-collapsePPTgraphics.txt|Video Transcript for Collapsing a Multi-layered Image in PowerPoint (text file)]]
 
<br />
 
<br />
{|
+
----
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
+
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="225" alignment="right">_qRUddw4zr4</youtube>
+
===PDF Accessibility===
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
+
====How can I tell if my PDF is accessible?====
|}
+
The best way to determine whether or not the PDF is accessible is to use Adobe Acrobat Pro's Accessibility Checker; however, Adobe Acrobat Pro is rather expensive, and so here are two free steps that will help you check for basic PDF accessibility:
[[Media:Transcript-StructurePPT.txt|Video Transcript of Structuring an Accessible PowerPoint Presentation (text file)]]
+
# '''Can you highlight individual lines of content in the PDF?'''
 +
#:If not, then the PDF is akin to an inaccessible image, and assistive technology will be unable to access it. Unfortunately, without Adobe Acrobat Pro, you will be unable to "fix" an inaccessible PDF to make it more accessible. However, if you can highlight content in the PDF, it is more likely that assistive technology will be able to access the content.
 +
#:[[File:faq_HighlightText.png|border|alt=Highlighted lines of text in a PDF document]]
 +
# '''Is the content structured? Do the images have alt text?'''
 +
#:You can use the [https://www.access-for-all.ch/en/pdf-lab/pdf-accessibility-checker-pac/downloading-pac.html PDF Accessibility Checker], a free tool from Access for All, to scan a PDF to determine how many accessibility errors it has. A useful feature of the PAC is that it allows you to perceive the PDF from the perspective of a screen reader user. This provides you with an opportunity to confirm the document's structure (i.e., are headings present?) and whether or not other accessibility measures have been taken, such as giving images alternative text. Please see the [https://www.access-for-all.ch/ch/pdf-werkstatt/pdf-accessibility-checker-pac/bedienung-pac-4.html PAC User Instructions] for basic information on how to use this tool.
 +
 
 +
====How to create a PDF from a Word document====
 +
After you create an accessible Word document, you can save it as a PDF.
  
Printable handout:
+
* Here's handout on [[Media:FAQ_AccessiblePDF-Word.docx|creating a PDF from a Word document (DOC)]]
*[[Media:AccessibleStructureContent.docx|Accessible Structure Checklist with Explanations (Word doc)]]
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
 +
----
 +
 +
===Creating Captions and Transcript in YouTube===
 +
In Module 4, you learned about the importance of providing captions and a transcript for your videos. There are a number of ways to approach the process of captioning videos; however, we'll focus on two common scenarios; captioning a video that has a script and captioning a video that does '''NOT have a script'''.
  
===Making Images Accessible===
+
====Scripted Videos====
 +
When you create a video, we suggest that you '''write a script''' before recording it. The practice of scripting is useful for a number of reasons. It helps you plan the presentation of your content, it usually reduces speech fillers (such as "um"/"ah"), and it helps you stay on track while recording. In terms of video accessibility, a script is also very useful because it drastically speeds up the captioning process. In YouTube, you can upload the script, allowing YouTube to sync the text with the video. To learn more about this process, visit YouTube's instructions on how to [https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734796?hl=en&ref_topic=7296214 add your own captions].
 +
 
 +
One final benefit of scripting a video is the script can double as the video's '''transcript'''. Play the video while reading the transcript to ensure all of the audio information is transcribed accurately (verbatim), important visual components are included, and then upload the transcript to Sakai. Remember to post the transcript near its corresponding video!
 +
 
 +
====Unscripted Videos====
 +
If you do not have a script for your video, YouTube can automatically caption the video; however, the captions produced by this feature should be considered only a '''draft'''. YouTube's automatic captioning does not provide punctuation nor captialization for the first word of sentences, and it may fail to capitalize some proper nouns. It may also omit or erroneously transcribe important terminology and phrasing. For these reasons, it's important to take the time to correct the automatic captions for your videos. To learn more about this process, visit YouTube's instructions on [https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734705 how to edit captions].
 +
 
 +
Once you've corrected your video's captions, you can extract the transcript.
 +
 
 +
====Extracting the Transcript for a YouTube Video====
 +
YouTube makes it easy to extract a video's transcript. Because you can extract the transcript from both your videos and others' videos, it'll be important to make sure the transcript is accurate (verbatim)--especially after extracting it from others' videos.
 +
* Please follow the instructions in this handout to learn more about [[Media:FAQ_ExtractTranscript.docx|extracting the transcript for a YouTube video (DOC)]].
 +
<br />
 
----
 
----
* What is alternative text?
+
 
* How do you compose useful text representations of images?
+
===Providing Audio Description in Videos===
 +
In Module 4, you learned that captions and transcripts make a video more accessible to someone with a hearing impairment, and both of those considerations go a long way in ensuring your video content does not create a barrier for someone unable to hear it. A third accessibility consideration is providing sufficient audio description.
 +
 
 +
====What is Audio Description?====
 +
Audio description can be defined as short, verbal descriptions of a video's key visuals. On television, audio description may be a description of the setting, costumes, facial expressions, actions, etc. In an educational video, audio description may provide a description of a diagram or it may read the displayed text. These descriptions make the visual component of video available to someone unable to see it.
 +
 
 +
Inserting audio description after a video has been created can be time consuming and will need to be considered on a case-by-case basis; it is often easier to provide sufficient visual description at the time a video is created (i.e., when it is scripted and recorded). 
 +
 
 +
Watch the video below for tips on how to create videos that provide sufficient visual description.
 
{|  
 
{|  
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="225" alignment="right">2x-MKvD_Uj0</youtube>
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="230" alignment="right">JYzIPG9CWsE</youtube>
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
|}
 
|}
[[Media:transcript-UnderstandAltText.txt|Video Transcript of Understanding Alt Text (text file)]]
+
[[Media:Transcript-DescriptiveLang.docx|Video Transcript of Using Descriptive Language in Videos (DOC)]]
 +
<br />
 +
----
  
Printable handout and resources:
+
===Understanding Basic Keyboard Accessibility===
*[[Media:AccessibleImages.docx|Accessible Images Checklist with Explanations (Word doc)]]
+
Some students are unable to use a mouse when operating a computer, and so they will rely on their keyboard to navigate your course. It's important to take a moment to make sure any web resources you link out to have basic keyboard accessibility.
* [https://youtu.be/lLzR6gzF7b0 Demystifying Alt Text: Painting a Picture with Words - 2017 NC3ADL Conference (YouTube video)] | [[Media:transcript-DemystifyAltText.txt|Video Transcript of Demystifying Alt Text (text file)]]
+
 
 +
To learn how to perform this easy test watch this short video on [https://youtu.be/smAPpgNDeUQ Understanding Keyboard Accessibility (YouTube)] or read the [[Media:Transcript-KeyboardAccessibility.txt|Video Transcript for Understanding Keyboard Accessibility (text file)]].
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<!--
 
09/19/18: THAT THESE RESOURCES DO NOT MATCH WHAT IS TAUGHT IN FUNDAI. THE VIDEO NEEDS TO BE UPDATED WITH THE FOLLOWING: REMOVE REFERENCE TO (OPENS IN A NEW WINDOW), ADD REFERENCE TO INCLUDING: (LINK) AS PART OF ACTIVE HYPERLINK TEXT IN A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION TO HELP USERS OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY RECOGNIZE THE PRESENCE OF A HYPERLINK)
 
===Accessible Hyperlinks===
 
 
----
 
----
* How do descriptive hyperlinks help all users?
 
* How do you compose descriptive hyperlinks?
 
{|
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="225" alignment="right">IoZV7kA2Qvk</youtube>
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
|}
 
[[Media:transcript-AccessHyperlinks.txt|Video Transcript of Accessible Hyperlinks (text file)]]
 
  
Printable handout:  
+
===Helpful Hyperlinks from Module 4===
*[[Media:AccessibleHyperlinks_Multimedia.docx|Accessible Hyperlinks and Multimedia Checklist with Explanations (Word doc)]]
+
The following hyperlinks were provided in a graphic in Module 4 and were not clickable. Here, they are active and can be clicked:
 +
* [http://wiki.durhamtech.edu/wiki/index.php/Main_Page Instructional Technologies Department Wiki]
 +
* [https://www.durhamtech.edu/employees/instructional-resources Durham Tech Faculty Resources]
 +
* [https://www.durhamtech.edu/employees/adjunct-faculty-resources Durham Tech Adjunct Faculty Resources]
 +
* [https://www.durhamtech.edu/library Durham Tech Library]
 
<br />
 
<br />
-->
 
===Accessible Multimedia===
 
 
----
 
----
* What are captions and transcripts?
 
* How do captions and transcripts ensure your video and/or audio content is available to all of your students?
 
{|
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color:#C6C6C6;" | <youtube width="400" height="225" alignment="right">fe1ykHR_YFY</youtube>
 
| style="padding-left:10px;" |
 
|}
 
[[Media:transcript-UsingTranscripts.txt|Video Transcript of Using Transcripts and Captions in Videos (text file)]]
 
 
Printable handout and resources:
 
*[[Media:AccessChecklist-HyperlinksMultimedia.docx|Accessible Hyperlinks and Multimedia Checklist with Explanations (Word doc)]]
 
* [https://youtu.be/JYzIPG9CWsE Using Descriptive Language in Videos (YouTube video)] | [[Media:transcript-DescriptiveLang.docx|Video Transcript of Using Descriptive Language in videos (Word file)]]
 

Latest revision as of 12:13, 21 January 2022

Fundamentals of Digital Accessibility for Instructors (FunDAI) Workshop FAQ

This workshop FAQ contains information and handouts on frequently requested digital accessibility topics. Visit Digital Accessibility Checklists for additional FunDAI resources.

Accessible Tables

Tips for creating accessible tables in Microsoft Word:

  • Assign a header row (usually the table's top row)
  • Create a title (using Word's "Caption" feature)
  • Check reading order (using the Tab test)


Video Transcript of Creating Accessible Tables (text file)



Adding an Additional Placeholder to a Slide Layout Template

In Module 2, you learned that in order to create accessible slide structure, it is important that you utilize PowerPoint's slide layout templates that contain placeholders for content. If you need an additional content placeholder, you can add more in Slide Master View.



Addressing Alternative Textor Custom Graphics (created in PowerPoint)

If you create your own custom graphics in PowerPoint, you might wonder how to approach the alternative text for an image that's been created by layering many shapes and lines on top of one another.

In the video below, you'll learn how to condense these many layers into a single image graphic for which you can then provide an alternative text:

Video Transcript for Collapsing a Multi-layered Image in PowerPoint (text file)


PDF Accessibility

How can I tell if my PDF is accessible?

The best way to determine whether or not the PDF is accessible is to use Adobe Acrobat Pro's Accessibility Checker; however, Adobe Acrobat Pro is rather expensive, and so here are two free steps that will help you check for basic PDF accessibility:

  1. Can you highlight individual lines of content in the PDF?
    If not, then the PDF is akin to an inaccessible image, and assistive technology will be unable to access it. Unfortunately, without Adobe Acrobat Pro, you will be unable to "fix" an inaccessible PDF to make it more accessible. However, if you can highlight content in the PDF, it is more likely that assistive technology will be able to access the content.
    Highlighted lines of text in a PDF document
  2. Is the content structured? Do the images have alt text?
    You can use the PDF Accessibility Checker, a free tool from Access for All, to scan a PDF to determine how many accessibility errors it has. A useful feature of the PAC is that it allows you to perceive the PDF from the perspective of a screen reader user. This provides you with an opportunity to confirm the document's structure (i.e., are headings present?) and whether or not other accessibility measures have been taken, such as giving images alternative text. Please see the PAC User Instructions for basic information on how to use this tool.

How to create a PDF from a Word document

After you create an accessible Word document, you can save it as a PDF.



Creating Captions and Transcript in YouTube

In Module 4, you learned about the importance of providing captions and a transcript for your videos. There are a number of ways to approach the process of captioning videos; however, we'll focus on two common scenarios; captioning a video that has a script and captioning a video that does NOT have a script.

Scripted Videos

When you create a video, we suggest that you write a script before recording it. The practice of scripting is useful for a number of reasons. It helps you plan the presentation of your content, it usually reduces speech fillers (such as "um"/"ah"), and it helps you stay on track while recording. In terms of video accessibility, a script is also very useful because it drastically speeds up the captioning process. In YouTube, you can upload the script, allowing YouTube to sync the text with the video. To learn more about this process, visit YouTube's instructions on how to add your own captions.

One final benefit of scripting a video is the script can double as the video's transcript. Play the video while reading the transcript to ensure all of the audio information is transcribed accurately (verbatim), important visual components are included, and then upload the transcript to Sakai. Remember to post the transcript near its corresponding video!

Unscripted Videos

If you do not have a script for your video, YouTube can automatically caption the video; however, the captions produced by this feature should be considered only a draft. YouTube's automatic captioning does not provide punctuation nor captialization for the first word of sentences, and it may fail to capitalize some proper nouns. It may also omit or erroneously transcribe important terminology and phrasing. For these reasons, it's important to take the time to correct the automatic captions for your videos. To learn more about this process, visit YouTube's instructions on how to edit captions.

Once you've corrected your video's captions, you can extract the transcript.

Extracting the Transcript for a YouTube Video

YouTube makes it easy to extract a video's transcript. Because you can extract the transcript from both your videos and others' videos, it'll be important to make sure the transcript is accurate (verbatim)--especially after extracting it from others' videos.



Providing Audio Description in Videos

In Module 4, you learned that captions and transcripts make a video more accessible to someone with a hearing impairment, and both of those considerations go a long way in ensuring your video content does not create a barrier for someone unable to hear it. A third accessibility consideration is providing sufficient audio description.

What is Audio Description?

Audio description can be defined as short, verbal descriptions of a video's key visuals. On television, audio description may be a description of the setting, costumes, facial expressions, actions, etc. In an educational video, audio description may provide a description of a diagram or it may read the displayed text. These descriptions make the visual component of video available to someone unable to see it.

Inserting audio description after a video has been created can be time consuming and will need to be considered on a case-by-case basis; it is often easier to provide sufficient visual description at the time a video is created (i.e., when it is scripted and recorded).

Watch the video below for tips on how to create videos that provide sufficient visual description.

Video Transcript of Using Descriptive Language in Videos (DOC)


Understanding Basic Keyboard Accessibility

Some students are unable to use a mouse when operating a computer, and so they will rely on their keyboard to navigate your course. It's important to take a moment to make sure any web resources you link out to have basic keyboard accessibility.

To learn how to perform this easy test watch this short video on Understanding Keyboard Accessibility (YouTube) or read the Video Transcript for Understanding Keyboard Accessibility (text file).


Helpful Hyperlinks from Module 4

The following hyperlinks were provided in a graphic in Module 4 and were not clickable. Here, they are active and can be clicked: